By Imran Ali
Pakistan is among the countries most vulnerable to the impacts of climate change, despite contributing less than 1% to global carbon emissions. From devastating floods to melting glaciers and rising temperatures, climate change is affecting Pakistan’s environment, economy, agriculture, and public health at an alarming rate.
In recent years, Pakistan has experienced a surge in extreme weather events. The catastrophic floods of 2022 submerged nearly one-third of the country, affecting over 33 million people and causing billions of dollars in damages. Experts link such disasters directly to climate change, warning that similar events may become more frequent and intense.
Heatwaves, droughts, and unpredictable rainfall are also disrupting agriculture and livelihoods, pushing millions toward poverty and food insecurity.
Pakistan is home to more glaciers than almost any other country outside the polar regions. However, due to rising global temperatures, these glaciers are melting rapidly, increasing the risk of Glacial Lake Outburst Floods (GLOFs). These sudden floods can destroy infrastructure, displace communities, and cause loss of life, particularly in Gilgit-Baltistan and Khyber Pakhtunkhwa.
Around 70% of Pakistan’s population depends on agriculture. Climate change is now threatening this vital sector. Shifts in rainfall patterns, water shortages, and heat stress are damaging key crops like wheat, rice, cotton, and sugarcane. This not only reduces food production but also drives up prices and contributes to inflation.
Small farmers are especially vulnerable, with many losing their livelihoods due to crop failure and soil degradation.
Climate change is also affecting public health. Rising temperatures increase the risk of heatstroke, dehydration, and respiratory diseases. Waterborne diseases such as cholera and dengue fever are becoming more widespread due to stagnant water and poor sanitation in flood-hit areas. Children, the elderly, and low-income communities are the most at risk.
Pakistan has made efforts to combat climate change, including its commitment to the Paris Agreement and launching the “10 Billion Tree Tsunami” initiative. However, experts emphasize that these actions must be expanded and implemented more effectively.
Transitioning to renewable energy, improving water management, and investing in sustainable infrastructure are critical next steps. Citizens can also contribute by Planting trees,Conserving water and electricity,Reducing plastic use,Supporting local and seasonal food,Raising awareness about climate issues.
Climate change in Pakistan is not a future concern — it is a present and escalating crisis. Without urgent, coordinated efforts from the government, private sector, and general public, the consequences will be even more severe in the coming years. The time to act is now — to protect lives, nature, and the future of the country.
