How does the planet warm up?

The main source of heat generated around the atmosphere is the released thermal energy of the sun, which spreads in all directions in the form of solar rays passing through space and reaching the surface of the earth through space and space. This heat is not immediately absorbed by the atmosphere. Due to this the air is not heated immediately. Yes, however, when the heat touches the earth, it is absorbed into the earth made of rock and mud and continues to heat it. In this way, the earth gets hotter by getting heat energy. This natural process is called “Conduction”.

Since warm air is light, it does not stay permanently at one place but spreads from low to high due to its light density. This release of absorbed heat increases the intensity of heat in the air, which affects the climate of the country, as heat also controls the climate among other factors. This movement of warm air from one location to another is referred to as “convection,” in which the total amount of heat migrates.

The total amount of heat that is absorbed or dissipated in the air is called “Insolution”. Absorbed thermal energy or amount of heat is measured in two ways. That is, the angle of inclination (Angle of Inclination) at which the sun’s rays hit the surface of the earth, and then the sun’s rays throughout the day are scattered around the earth and its total time is included, and this condition is known from latitude, longitude. can be done

When it is intended to tell the location of a place, first of all these coordinates come up that this place is located at such a latitude and such a degree of longitude. When the latitude of a place is told, it means that this line This distance from the equator lies either north or south, while the equator is an imaginary line drawn around the Earth. These are equal distances between the north and south poles which are called poles.

Maps of the tilt of the earth’s axis and the state of the seasons confirm that near the equator the sun’s rays fall vertically almost all year round. Therefore, equatorial regions receive more heat than other regions of the world. A line on a map that connects hot spots. It is called heat equation. It generally follows the geographic equator. Latitudes where the sun’s rays are slanted are where the temperature drops, causing less heat.

This is especially true in winter when the night becomes longer with increasing latitude, eg 12 hours at 90° latitude and 6 months at 90° latitude, while the duration of daylight is the same. is calculated less. It should be remembered that in summer the length of the day also increases with the length of the night. In summer, daylight hours are longer at high latitudes. In this situation, the sun’s rays fall almost vertically, due to which the heat in summer in these areas is much higher than in winter.

For example, at 27½ (twenty-seven) latitude, it is 13 and 53 minutes, while at 42½ (forty-two and a half) latitude, it is 16 hours. But latitude alone does not determine the amount of temperature at a particular location. If this were the case, regions at the same latitude would be at equal temperatures. The distribution of heat on the Earth’s surface is usually represented on a map by an isotherm.

These equivalent mean temperatures are shown after connecting the different heating coordinates where it can be seen that the “parallel” is not exactly parallel to the latitude, confirming that Insulation is not the only factor that regularly controls the temperature of any area.

Its effects are also related to the difference between water and land, as wind and sea breezes show that an equal amount of “insolation” warms the area more quickly and provides thermal energy. . Relatively sea level. One reason for this difference is that near-surface waters are cooled by the interaction of waves and tides.

Warm surface water is constantly exchanged with cold water from below. This situation causes the heating process to slow down, so that the surface water is colder than the land, which is caused by “convection currents”, whereby cold water moves downward when that it is exchanged with the hot water coming from below. An equal amount of “insulation” warms land faster than water.

Both land and water have their own different capacity to absorb and release heat, which is called specific heat. The “specific temperature” of water is higher than that of dry land. This means that it takes more heat to heat water to the same degree of temperature than dry matter to the same degree.

Although water has a high “specific temperature”, it does so at a slower rate than land. Water also cools at a slower rate, as it retains heat longer. There are other reasons for uneven heating. Of the total amount of solar radiation that is absorbed by the water. Some of it escapes into the atmosphere through evaporation, which of course heats the water but is not used, but dryness is not affected by this process, because a small amount of water evaporates and dissolves in the atmosphere through evaporation. become

Altitude above sea level also causes temperature differences. In the troposphere, the temperature of the air in the troposphere generally decreases by an average of 5.5 degrees Fahrenheit per 1,000 feet. For this reason, the heat is always less in high latitude regions, because the surrounding air is cold. Even some high mountains along the equator are cold because they are covered with snow, so when large amounts of air rise over the mountains, there is “adiabatic” heat. Rate makes a difference in heat.

That is, for every 1000 feet of latitude, the air cools about 3 degrees Fahrenheit relative to the temperature. If the wind rises on its windward side and the rate of heat change is at this rate, it is called the “moist adiabatic” rate. But when the rising air reduces most of the water vapor present in it by condensation, it cools at a dry adiabatic rate.

As the air moves downslope over the back (Lee Word Side) of the mountains, it dissipates heat at a dry “adiabatic” rate, which is about 5.5 degrees Fahrenheit at about 1,000 feet. Now if the air reaches 1000 feet in the mountain ranges, it drops about 30 degrees Fahrenheit as it goes up, while on the other hand it drops about 55 degrees Fahrenheit as it goes down. In this way, there will be a difference of about 25 degrees in temperature. Thus the circulating air will be hot and dry.

There are other factors involved in the source of heat. For example, breezes carry hot or cold air from one place to another. At the same time, the ocean currents carry the warm water of the tropical seas towards the poles, with the effect of which the temperature of the cold regions increases. A look at the geographic map shows that the Atlantic current joins warm water from around the equator. Due to this, the temperature of Northern Europe increased.

In this way, ocean currents that join with cold water in an area, their effect reduces the temperature of the area. Besides, the means by which the heat comes and the difference in the climate of the region. Among the most striking theories are those related to mountain formation, volcanism and the shifting of the poles. The latest mountain forming process is bidirectional on heat. When the mountain building process is from east to west direction, this north. The south disrupts the flow of air. It cools the polar regions and warms the equatorial regions.

On the other hand, they create glaciers on the upper side of the mountain areas, which, if all the factors are right, then starts the glacial period, which starts to create a difference in the temperature of the air. Volcanic activity adds large amounts of dust and heat to the atmosphere, ultimately reducing the initial “insolation” because volcano means something that spews fire, spews fire, or flames. And the one leaving Changai.

There are numerous volcanoes and volcanic mountain ranges on Earth, and active volcanoes contain enormous amounts of heat. At the same time, when the opposite poles of the earth’s crust change their place, the glacial regions move above the surface of the earth, but these changes take place over centuries, but they must happen.