Sun: The best source of energy

The sun is the most magical star in this universe, if its light gives light and warmth during the day, then at night this same light wraps in the moonlight of the moon and gives a feeling of calm and coolness. Scientists have done a lot of research on this most valuable asset and this process continues. A few of these investigations are covered below.

Synthetic ray compilation

In the natural process of photosynthesis (which occurs in plants, algae and other bacterial species), carbon dioxide in the atmosphere can be converted to sugars in the presence of sunlight. Every year 100 billion tons of carbon is converted into biomass. However, this would yield 100 terawatts of energy, which is 6 times more than what is used on our planet. In the past, scientists have also tried to artificially produce radiation, with limited success. A US researcher has invented a method of researching radiation collection materials from foam containing a plant-derived enzyme. This enzyme is obtained from plants, bacteria, frogs and fungi.

This foam has the ability to convert sunlight and carbon dioxide into sugar. These sugars are then converted into ethanol and other biofuels. The idea of ​​using foam came to scientists from certain species of frogs that produce strong and durable foam to grow their tadpoles. This foam has excellent light and air permeability. The enzyme collected in this foam can be used for artificial radiation synthesis.

Experts claim numerous benefits of this foam. It does not require soil. It therefore produces sugars without soil using sunlight, which is normally necessary for the process of photosynthesis in plants. It is also said to be capable of converting all the energy received from the sun into sugars, while plants use some of this energy to produce sugars and some to perform other functions.

The energy obtained from the sun fills our planet with energy, its amount is 58000 terawatts per year. In comparison, our Earth’s annual energy consumption is 16 terawatts, which means that the Sun provides 5000 times the amount of energy needed on Earth. Although it seems strange that why we are polluting our earth by burning mineral oil when so much energy from the sun is being wasted, however the situation is changing rapidly and such New technologies are emerging which Pakistan can use.

Solar cells are typically made from silicon wafers. These are commercially 20 percent more efficient than crystalline materials, but manufacturing solar panels from the same metal can be expensive. Suitable for remote areas where it is not possible to build a grid station to provide cheap electricity. Thin-film solar cells (nanocrystalline and amorphous) are made from other types of silicon and are produced by chemical vapor deposition.

Their efficiency is rapidly improving, with an efficiency of 9% and the fact that they can be manufactured at five times the cost. Concentrate on the boiler. The steam generated by this concentrated solar power has a temperature of 850°C, which is used to drive the turbines that generate electricity.

Google has provided support for a solar plant near Los Angeles that will provide 5 megawatts of electricity. These glasses are controlled by a computer and focus sunlight on a boiler. It is hoped that the use of this technology will be doubled all over the world. Pakistan has an abundance of sunlight and there is also a severe shortage of electricity.

Harvesting electricity from the sun

The sun provides a huge amount of energy to our planet. The amount of energy we get from the sun in just a fortnight is more than the amount we use in a whole year for electricity generated from fossil fuels, coal and other forms of energy. Spend in doing. Although photovoltaic cells are being used to generate electricity in Europe and other developed countries, this method is quite expensive. The cheapest way is to collect sunlight as heat and then use that heat to generate electricity.

There are four types of solar thermal power plants. Three of them use ionizers to focus sunlight onto a suspended pipe filled with oil, water or molten salt. The heat generated from this creates steam and this steam is used to drive the turbine. These ion arc vessels are mounted in the form of an array of mirrors. Nine such interconnected plants in the desert have been generating 300 megawatts of electricity for the past 20 years in California.

A solar thermal power plant also consists of field mirrors that focus sunlight onto a clay (ceramic) heat absorber. This vessel is installed on the tower. Solar thermal power plants are being installed in America, China, Australia and Israel. Pakistan should also follow their footsteps and immediately start work on solar thermal power plant.

More than 40 percent efficiency of solar cells

Until a few years ago, solar cells were not only expensive, but their efficiency was up to 20 percent. Due to their high cost, it was not practically possible to supply electricity through them to the power grid in remote villages. Sharp Foundation has developed a new type of compound solar cell, which has an efficiency of 40 percent in the laboratory and 853 percent in the field of electricity. This is made possible by using indium gallatum arcide instead of germanium metal layer. Scientists are using artificial techniques to overcome the weaknesses of the crystals used in solar cells, which will further increase their efficiency.

Pakistan should make it mandatory to use solar thermal units in every building to save electricity and gas. These solar heating units or solar thermal units use water instead of expensive photo voltaic cells and when water comes from black metal and glass surfaces. If it passes, it will be heated by receiving heat directly from the sun.

These units are also inexpensive and can be used in gas or electric water heaters that will reduce the energy requirement for heating water in homes and buildings by up to 50 percent. These will easily heat the water up to 67 degrees, when more heat is required, gas or electric burners will be activated. This will result in huge amount of energy savings.

Rapid progress in the field of solar energy in the United States

The fastest growing industry in the industrial sector in the United States is the solar energy industry. In the next five years, the capacity to generate 10 gigawatts of electricity in the United States will increase 6 times. This year, 200,000 homes will have solar panels installed in the United States. According to an estimate, 200,000 more homes will have these panels installed in the next few years.

There is a lot of potential for solar and wind powered plants in Pakistan. Along with this, they should be provided with easy loans to increase their manufacturing capacity, as has been done in Western countries.